Justice and the Geography of Hurricane Katrina     

Yvonne Rydin 《Geoforum》2006,37(1):4-6

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Probing the circumstellar structures of T Tauri stars and their relationship to those of Herbig stars     

Jorick S. Vink  Janet E. Drew  Tim J. Harries  René D. Oudmaijer  Yvonne Unruh 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,359(3):1049-1064

We present Hα spectropolarimetry observations of a sample of 10 bright T Tauri stars, supplemented with new Herbig Ae/Be star data. A change in the linear polarization across Hα is detected in most of the T Tauri (9/10) and Herbig Ae (9/11) objects, which we interpret in terms of a compact source of line photons that is scattered off a rotating accretion disc. We find consistency between the position angle (PA) of the polarization and those of imaged disc PAs from infrared and millimetre imaging and interferometry studies, probing much larger scales. For the Herbig Ae stars AB Aur, MWC 480 and CQ Tau, we find the polarization PA to be perpendicular to the imaged disc, which is expected for single scattering. On the other hand, the polarization PA aligns with the outer disc PA for the T Tauri stars DR Tau and SU Aur and FU Ori, conforming to the case of multiple scattering. This difference can be explained if the inner discs of Herbig Ae stars are optically thin, whilst those around our T Tauri stars and FU Ori are optically thick. Furthermore, we develop a novel technique that combines known inclination angles and our recent Monte Carlo models to constrain the inner rim sizes of SU Aur, GW Ori, AB Aur and CQ Tau. Finally, we consider the connection of the inner disc structure with the orientation of the magnetic field in the foreground interstellar medium: for FU Ori and DR Tau, we infer an alignment of the stellar axis and the larger magnetic field direction.  相似文献   

Pliocene sedimentation in a shallow, cool-water, estuarine gulf, Murray Basin, South Australia     

Peir K. Pufahl  Noel P. James  Yvonne Bone†  Jeff J. Lukasik‡ 《Sedimentology》2004,51(5):997-1027

The Pliocene Norwest Bend Formation is a well‐preserved succession of terrestrial and shallow‐marine deposits in the Murray Basin, South Australia. Sediments in this unit consist of two discrete terrigenous clastic‐rich, decametre‐scale sequences, or informal members, which record episodes of marine incursion during the Early and Late Pliocene respectively. The base of each sequence is a transgressive lag and/or strandline deposit that is transitional upwards into a highstand, subtidal, terrigenous clastic and cool‐water carbonate sediment accumulation. The top of each sequence is incised by fluvial channels that are filled by river deposits which formed as relative sea‐level fell and terrestrial environments prograded basinward. Sedimentological data suggest that gross stratigraphic architecture was primarily determined by glacioeustasy. Differences in sedimentary style between these two sequences, however, reflect a major climatic change that took place in southern Australia during the mid‐Pliocene. The lower quartzose sand member is formed of siliciclastic sediment derived from prolonged, deep, subaerial weathering and contains a bivalve‐dominated, cool‐temperate, open‐marine mollusc assemblage. These sediments accumulated under an equitable, relatively warm, humid climate. The Murray Basin during this time, because of high fluvial discharge, was a salt‐wedge estuary with typical estuarine circulation. In contrast, the upper, oyster‐rich member is typified by large monospecific oyster buildups that grew in restricted coastal environments. Strandline deposits contain a warm‐temperate skeletal assemblage. Contemporaneous aeolian sediments accumulated under warm, semi‐arid climatic conditions. Well‐developed ferricrete, silcrete and calcrete horizons reflect cyclic conditions of rainwater infiltration and evaporation in the seasonally dry climate that typifies southern Australia today. Highly seasonal rainfall produced an estuary that fluctuated annually from being well to partially mixed. These Pliocene sediments support the notion that mollusc‐rich facies are the signature of cool‐water carbonate accumulations in inboard neritic environments. Unlike bryozoans that dominate the outer parts of Cenozoic cool‐water carbonate shelves, molluscs evolved to exploit an array of coastal ecosystems with wide salinity variations and variable sedimentation rates.  相似文献   

木兰山低温高压微变质体中SiO2非晶相的特征和意义     

赵文俞  刘嵘等 《岩石学报》2001,17(4):648-652

木兰山低温高压变质岩中的石英脉及其围岩的矿物组成，变质结构和界面特征的光学显微镜和电子探针研究表明，该石英脉为同构造重结晶脉，经历过低温高压变质作用，其变质温度压力条件与围岩矿物的形成条件相同，透射电镜亚微米纳米尺度分析表明，该石英脉中存在一种已部分转变成α-石英纳米晶的SiO2非晶相，且观察到类似于柯石英假象的胀裂现象。并认为SiO2非晶相的形成及其变化特征可能是大别山高压超高压变质带南缘蓝片岩的一次俯冲和快速折返过程的超显微证据。  相似文献   

Holocene carbonate sedimentation on the west Eucla Shelf, Great Australian Bight: a shaved shelf     

Noel P. James  Thomas D. Boreen  Yvonne Bone  David A. Feary 《Sedimentary Geology》1994,90(3-4):161-177

The southern continental margin of Australia is a cool-water carbonate sedimentary province located in a high-energy, swell-dominated oceanographic setting. A vibrocore transect of ¹⁴C-dated sediments across the centre of the Eucla Shelf is the first record of Holocene shelf deposition in the Great Australian Bight. Much of the seafloor shallower than 70 m water depth, the base of wave abrasion, is bare Cenozoic limestone, in some places encrusted by (?) Late Pleistocene, coral-rich, limestone that is cemented by high-magnesium calcite (12 mole% MgCO₃). The areally extensive, 100 km-wide, hard, bored substrate supports an epibiota of coralline algae, minor bryozoans and soft algae or is covered by patches of Holocene sediment up to 1.5 m thick; generally a basal bivalve lag (< 3 ka) overlain by quartzose-bioclastic palimpsest sand. This pattern of active carbonate production but little accretion on the wave-swept mid- to inner-shelf is similar to that on other parts of the southern Australian continental margin. The term shaved shelf is proposed for this style of carbonate platform, formed by alternating periods of sediment accretion, cementation and erosion.

The palimpsest sand is typically rich in bivalves, coralline algae and locally, detrital dolomite. Outer shelf Holocene sediment, below the base of wave abrasion but inboard of the shelf edge, is a metre-thick unit of fine, microbioclastic muddy sand with minor delicate bryozoans overlying a 9–13 ka rhodolith gravel. Some of this outer shelf sediment appears to have been resedimented. The shelf edge is a sandy and rocky seafloor with active bryozoan growth and sediment production.

The Holocene sediments are enriched in coralline algal particles and conspicuous large foraminifers (cf. Marginopora) and depleted in bryozoans, as compared to coeval deposits on the Lacepede and Otway shelves off southeastern Australia. These differences are interpreted to reflect warmer waters of the Leeuwin Current and prevalent downwelling in this area as opposed to the general upwelling and colder waters in the east.  相似文献   

The pre-glacial evolution of Wales     

Yvonne Battiau-Queney 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1984,9(3):229-252

The classical explanation of the development of the Welsh landscape by the effects of a pulsed ‘eustatic’ uplift during the Cenozoic times is challenged by new data on the geology and geomorphology of Wales and the adjacent regions. The post-Caledonian surface developed over most of Wales in the upper Westphalian plays a major role in landform development. Since its emergence before mid-Cretaceous times, the Welsh Massif has suffered a long subaerial evolution which favoured a powerful chemical weathering. In Anglesey and St. David's Land, residual hills were formed by a process of differential weathering, and downwearing in saprolites. The Millstone Grit quartzites have been deeply weathered and dolines or flat-bottomed basins have been developed. From Cretaceous to Miocene times, a morphotectonic equilibrium has existed between uplift and denudation, so that, in the major part of Wales, the original planation surface was constantly maintained by lowering on itself and in some places it is possible to prove that no more than a few dozen metres of rock thickness disappeared during that period. Several main escarpments were produced by the warping of the planation surface along sharp flexures, during Neogene times. The Cenozoic vertical movements were controlled by the Caledonian or pre-Caledonian tectonic pattern which has divided the continental crust into major structural units. Welsh tectonic development is related to the opening of the North Atlantic, associated stresses reactivating ancient lines of weakness in the heterogeneous lower crust or upper mantle.  相似文献   

Identification of data-driven Dutch dietary patterns that benefit the environment and are healthy     

Sander Biesbroek  W. M. Monique Verschuren  Yvonne T. van der Schouw  Ivonne Sluijs  Jolanda M. A. Boer  Elisabeth H. M. Temme 《Climatic change》2018,147(3-4):571-583

More sustainable dietary patterns are needed to mitigate global warming. This study aims to identify data-driven healthy dietary patterns that benefit the environment. In EPIC-NL, diet was assessed using a 178-item FFQ in 36,203 participants aged 20–70 years between 1993 and 1997. The Dutch Healthy Diet index 2015 (DHD15-index) was used to score healthiness of the diet. As proxy for environmental impact, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were calculated using life cycle analysis. To determine patterns that are both healthy and environmentally friendly, reduced rank regression was applied. A “Plant-based Pattern” characterized by high consumption of fruits, vegetables, and legumes, and low consumption of fries, red meat, and processed meat and a “Dairy-based Pattern” characterized by high consumption of dairy, and nuts and seeds and low consumption of coffee and tea, sugar-containing sodas, low-fiber bread, and savory sauces were derived. At equal energy intake, the diet of adherents (highest quartile) to the “Plant-based Pattern” were significantly healthier (89.8 points on the DHD15-index, p?<?0.0001) and more sustainable (3.96 kg C0₂-eq/day, p?<?0.0001) compared to the average diet (76.2 points, 4.06 kg C0₂-eq/day), whereas the “Dairy-based Pattern” was somewhat healthier (77.9 points, p?<?0.0001), but less sustainable (4.43 kg C0₂-eq/day, p?<?0.0001). When deriving dietary patterns based on health and environmental aspects of the diets, a “Plant-based” and a “Dairy-based” pattern were observed in our study population. Of these, the plant-based diet benefits health as well as the environment.  相似文献   

Asteroseismology of Sun-like stars     

Yvonne P Elsworth  Michael J Thompson 《Astronomy& Geophysics》2004,45(5):5.14-5.19

Yvonne P Elsworth and Michael J Thompson examine the theory and practice of asteroseismology, the study of the oscillations of Sun-like stars.  相似文献   

雷州半岛珊瑚礁生物地貌带与全新世多期相对高海平面   总被引：20，自引：5，他引：20  

余克服  钟晋梁  赵建新  沈承德  陈特固  刘东生 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2002,22(2):27-33

通过多次野外调查，将灯楼角珊瑚礁分为8个生物地貌带；礁前斜坡活珊瑚林带，外礁坪大块滨珊瑚礁岩带，中礁坪块状珊瑚混合带，中礁坪块状珊瑚-角孔珊瑚混合带，内礁坪角孔瑚瑚带，沙坪台-海滩，沙堤和洼地，它们是海平面和气候环境变化的产物，以珊瑚礁及其生物地貌带作为高海平面的标志，根据13个表层珊瑚礁样品的TIMS铀系年代和1个^14C年代，指出全新世以来至少存在过5期相对高海平面（7.2-6.7,约5.8,5.0-4.2,2.8-2.0，约1.5cal.kaBP)，每一期中还存在低海平面的波动，其中6.7-7.2kaBP是整个全新世最高海平面时期，在这个时间段已经基本形成了现代珊瑚礁的地貌格局，这个时间段以后形成的珊瑚礁是在6.7-7.2kaBP形成的珊瑚礁礁坪的礁塘或礁坑等低洼地中形成的，迄今为止，没有再出现过高出6.7-7.2kaBP时期的海平面。  相似文献   

基于图割算法的摄影测量点云面向对象分类方法     

郑特  邹峥嵘  张云生  杜守基  何雪 《测绘工程》2018,(3):16-19

针对摄影测量点云分类问题,提出一种基于图割算法的面向对象分类方法。由于摄影测量点云质量相对较差,文中首先基于区域增长分割思想,提出一种新的点云体素生成方法,将摄影测量点云聚为不同的对象;然后将不同的对象作为节点,将分类问题建模为一个多标记问题,引入图割算法优化获取邻域内平滑一致的分类结果。利用两组摄影测量点云数据进行实验,正确率分别为87.3%和88.7%,比基于单点的分类方法分别提高2%和2.6%。  相似文献